The PIAD process employs chill-casting techniques and a specialty-metal permanent mold to produce precision castings in copper and copper-base alloys.

The chill casting approach consists of two steps --
1 -- Tilt Pour                 2 -- Mold Chill

• In the tilt pour step, the liquid metal enters the mold via gravity or low pressure.

• Pouring of the metal and movement of the mold are coordinated to avoid turbulence when the metal enters and fills the mold.