| How Can a Ductile
Iron Casting Reduce Costs? 
  
    | The
    Challenge -- Originally
    designed as a steel forging, the coupler - 
      Required 10 machining steps to
        achieve final shape and to meet dimensional tolerances.
Was purchased from off-shore sources
        for the lowest forging price, but off-shore purchase required --
 --- large-lot production
 --- long lead times
 --- substantial shipping costs
 
      The challenge was to reduce costs
        and lead times. |  |  
  
    | Benefits of Using a Ductile Iron Casting -- A casting design study showed that the
    component cost could be reduced by 50% (compared to the original forging design) by using
    ductile iron casting. This cost reduction was achieved by: 
      Improved near-net shape which reduced
        machining operations. Casting in sand for low cost, high efficiency
        production.  Conversion to a domestic source casting also
    reduced inventory costs by offering "Just-In-Time" production lots with shorter
    lead times and lower total shipping costs, compared to the off-shore forging source. |  3 
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