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Vacuum Casting
A casting in which metal is melted and poured under very low atmospheric pressure; a form of permanent mold casting where the mold is inserted into liquid metal, vacuum is applied, and metal drawn up into the cavity.
Vacuum Degassing
The use of a vacuum technique to remove dissolved gases from molten alloys.
Vacuum Refining
Melting in a vacuum, usually by electrical induction, to remove gaseous contaminants from the metal.
Value Analysis
In manufacturing, an analysis to determine the most economical method of manufacturing, taking into account the cost and the process capability of alternate manufacturing systems under consideration, their degree of variation, the benefits of the resultant product, and desired quality and production quantity and rate.
Vanadium
A white, hard, metallic element, mp 1800°C (3272°F), used as an alloy in iron and steel; a powerful carbide stabilizer and deoxidizer.
Vegetable Oils
Oils extracted from plants, used as drying oils in oil core manufacture. Linseed oil is an example.
Veins
A discontinuity on the surface of a casting appearing as a raised, narrow, linear ridge that forms upon cracking of the sand mold or core due to expansion of the sand during filling of the mold with molten metal.
Venting
Perforation with a vent wire of the sand over and around a mold cavity to assist in the escape of the gases.
Vertical Axis Casting Machine
A centrifugal casting machine in which the axis of rotation of the mold is vertical.
Virbrator
A device, operated by compressed air of electricity, for loosening and withdrawing patterns from a mold, or for vibrating a hopper or chute to promote the flow of material from the hopper or chute.
Vicers Diamond Pyramid Hardness Tester
Patented indentation hardness machine. See Hardness
Virgin Metal (Primary Metal)
Metal extracted directly from the ore; not previously used.
Viscosity
The resistance of fluid substance to flowing, quantitatively characteristic for an individual substance at a given temperature and under other definite external conditions.
Void
A shrinkage cavity produced in casting during solidification.