Glossary and Terms of the Foundry Industry

SFSA: Glossary of Terms - E

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Eddy Current Testing: The detection of discontinuities by observation of the interaction between electromagnetic fields and metals.
Elastic Limit: Maximum stress that a material will withstand without permanent deformation.
See Yield Strength
Elasticity: The property of recovering original shape and dimensions upon removal of a deforming force.
Electrical Precipitator: In air pollution control, the use of electrodes in stack emissions emitting high voltage; particles 0.1 micron and smaller can be attached and collected at discharge electrode.
Electrochemical Corrosion (Contact corrosion, Electrolytic corrosion, Galvanic corrosion): Localized corrosion from exposure of an assembly of dissimilar metals in contact or coupled with one another, i.e., electrochemical action.
Electrode: Compressed graphite or carbon cylinder or rod used to conduct electric current in electric arc furnaces, arc lamps, carbon arc welding, etc.
Electron Microprobe Analyzer: An instrument for selective analysis of a microscopic area, in which an electron beam bombards the point of interest in Vacuo at a given energy level. Intensity of backscatter is measured to interpret which chemical elements are present, and by scanning a large area the microprobe can analyze chemical composition and indicate the distribution of an element.
Elongation: Amount of permanent extension in the vicinity of the fractures in the tensile test; usually expressed as percentage of original gage length.
Embrittlement: Loss of ductility of a metal due to chemical or physical change.
See Acid Embrittlement and Hydrogen Embrittlement
End-Quench Hardenability Test: A standardized method for comparing the hardenability of different steels.
Endothermic Reaction: The reaction which occurs with absorption of heat.
Engineering Strain (e): The average linear strain, obtained by dividing the elongation of the length of the specimen by the original gage length.
Engineering Stress (s): The load divided by the original area.
EPC (Expendable Pattern Casting): See Lost Foam Process.
Equilibrium: A dynamic condition of balance between atomic movements, where the resultant is zero and the condition appears to be one of rest rather than change.
Ergonomics: The science which deals with the interaction between people, their work place and environment. It also considers the physiology of workers in the design of tools, equipment, and the work methods needed.
Erosion: Abrasion of metal or other material by liquid or gas, usually accelerated by pressure of solid particles of matter in suspension, and sometimes by corrosion.
Etchant: A solution for chemical etching the polished surface of a metal specimen to reveal macro- or micro-structures.
Eutectic: 1) An isothermal reversible reaction in which a liquid solution decomposes, on cooling, into two or more intimately mixed solids. The number of solids formed are the same number of components in the system. 2) An alloy having the chemical composition indicated by the eutectic point on a equilibrium diagram.
Eutectoid: 1) An isothermal reversible reaction in which a solid solution on cooling is converted into two or more intimately mixed solids. The number of solids formed are the same number of components in the system. 2) An alloy having the same chemical composition indicated by the eutectoid point on a equilibrium diagram.
Evaporation Pattern Casting / Expendable Pattern Casting / EPC: See Lost Foam Process.
Exothermic: Formed by or characterized by heat reaction as in oxidation.
Exothermic Reaction: Chemical reactions involving the liberation of heat.
See Endothermic Reaction.
Extensometer: An instrument used in the testing of metals to measure small increments of deformation.

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